Himalayan Journals
Volume II

## Appendix

L.
TABLE OF ELEVATIONS.

In the following tables I have given the elevations of 300 places, chiefly computed from barometric data. For the computations such observations alone were selected as were comparable with contemporaneous ones taken at the Calcutta Observatory, or as could, by interpolation, be reduced to these, with considerable accuracy: the Calcutta temperatures have been assumed as those of the level of the sea, and eighteen feet have been added for the height of the Calcutta Observatory above the sea. I have introduced two standards of comparison where attainable; namely, 1. A few trigonometrical data, chiefly of positions around Dorjiling, measured by Lieutenant-Colonel Waugh, the Surveyor-General, also a few measured by Mr. Muller and myself, in which we can put full confidence: and, 2. A number of elevations in Sikkim and East Nepal, computed by simultaneous barometer observations, taken by Mr. Muller at Dorjiling. As the Dorjiling barometer was in bad repair, I do not place so much confidence in these comparisons as in those with Calcutta. The coincidence, however, between the mean of all the elevations computed by each method is very remarkable; the difference amounting to only thirty feet in ninety-three elevations; the excess being in favour of those worked by Dorjiling. As the Dorjiling observations were generally taken at night, or early in the morning, when the temperature is below the mean of the day, this excess in the resulting elevations would appear to prove, that the temperature correction derived from assuming the Calcutta observations to correspond with eighteen feet above the level of the sea at Sikkim, has not practically given rise to much error.

I have not added the boiling-point observations, which afford a further means of testing the accuracy of the barometric computations; and which will be found in section J of this Appendix.

The elevation of Jillapahar is given as computed by observations taken in different months, and at different hours of the day; from which there will be seen, that owing to the low temperature of

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sunrise in the one case, and of January and October in the others, the result for these times is always lowest.

Moat of the computations have been made by means of Oltmann's tables, as drawn up by Lieutenant-Colonel Boileau, and printed at the Magnetic Observatory, Simla; very many were worked also by Bessell’s tables in Taylor’s “Scientific Memoirs,” which, however, I found to give rather too high a result on the averages; and I have therefore rejected most of them, except in cases of great elevation and of remarkable humidity or dryness, when the mean saturation point is an element that should not be disregarded in the computation. To these the letter B is prefixed. By far the majority of these elevations are not capable of verification within a few feet; many of them being of villages, which occupy several hundred feet of a hill slope: in such cases the introduction of the refinement of the humidity correction was not worth the while.

SERIES I.—Elevations on the Grand Trunk-road. February, 1848.

No. of Obs. | Name of Locality | Elevation Feet
1 2 3 2 4 1 2 1 1 1 1 4 1 3 1 3 3 1 1 2 4 1 3 4 4 | Burdwan Gyra Fitcoree Tofe Choney Maddaobung Paras-nath saddle Paras-nath cast peak Paras-nath flagstaff Paras-nath lower limit of Clematis and Berberis Doomree Highest point on grand trunk-road Belcuppee Hill 236th mile-stone Burree Hill 243rd mile-stone Chorparun Dunwah Bahra 284th mile-stone Sheergotty Muddunpore 312th mile-stone Naurungabad Baroon (on Soane) Dearee (on Soane) | 93 630 860 912 1230 B.4231 4215 4428 3162 996 1446 1219 1361 1169 1339 1322 625 479 474 460 402 365 337 344 332

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SERIES II.—Elevations in the Soane Valley. March, 1848.

No. of Obs. | Name of Locality | Elevation Feet
3 6 2 4 3 6 4 1 3 1 9 4 4 4 7 | Tilotho Akbarpore Rotas palace Tura Soane-pore Kosdera Panchadurma Bed of Soane above Panchadurma Pepura Bed of Soane river Chahnchee Hirrah Kotah Kunch Sulkun | 395 403 1489 453 462 445 492 482 587 400 499 531 541 561 684

SERIES III.—Elevations on the Kymore Hills. March, 1848.

No. of Obs. | Name of Locality | Elevation Feet
2 9 1 1 9 | Roump Shahgunj Amoee Goorawul Mirzapore (on the Ganges) | 1090 1102 818 905 362

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SERIES IV.—Elevations near Dorjiling. 1848 to 1850.

Number of Obs. | Name of Locality | Elevation Feet
9 110 104 99 93 37 ———— Sum 452 ======= 27 84 37 7 83 74 95 18 ———— Sum 434 ======= 103 16 38 25 2 2 7 1 12 2 5 8 4 4 1 13 13 2 2 13 1 4 8 | Jillapahar (Mr. Hodgson’s house) sunrise 9.50 p.m. noon 2.40 p.m. 4 p.m. sunset Ditto by Monthly observations. January February March April July August September October The Dale (Mr. Muller’s) by trigonometry Superintendent’s house by trigonometry Colinton (Mr. Muller’s) Leebong by trigonometry Summit of Jillapahar Smith’s hotel Monastery hill below the Dale The Dale by barometer Monastery hill by trigonometry Ging (measured from Dale) Guard-house at Great Rungeet Bed of Great Rungeet at cane-bridge Guard-house at Little Rungeet Sinchul top by trigonometry Saddle of road over shoulder of Sinchul Senadah (Pacheem) bungalow Pacheem village Kursiong bungalow Punkabaree Rungniok village Tonglo, summit by trigonometry Tonglo, Saddle below summit Tonglo, Rocks on ascent of Sourse of Balasun Source of Balasun by Dorjiling Goong ridge | 7301 7443 7457 7477 7447 7447 ————— Mean 7429 ========= 7400 7445 7517 7582 7412 7421 7454 7351 ————— Mean 7448 ========= B. 6957 6952 B. 6932 6932 B. 7179 B. 5993 *6021 B. 7896 6872 B. 214·1 6952 ————— 7166 7165·3 ========= B. 5156 B. 1864 818 1672 8655 8607 7412 7258 3855 B. 4813 1815 B. 4565 B. 10·078 10·079·4 B. 10·008 B. 8148 7436 7451 7441

* To summit of chimney, which may be assumed to be
30 feet above where the barometer was hung.

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SERIES V.—Elevations in East Nepal, October to December, 1848.

Number of Obs. | Name of Locality | By Calcutta Barom. | By Dorjiling Barom.
1 7 7 5 2 1 3 8 3 5 4 4 3 1 3 3 3 1 3 2 8 3 3 3 2 2 10 6 1 1 4 2 2 9 1 1 4 1 3 1 2 1 4 1 4 3 1 8 1 3 4 7 2 4 1 | Source of Myong river Myong valley, camp in Myong valley Purmiokzong Shoulder of Nanki Shepherd's huts on do. Summit of Nanki Camp on Nanki Jummanoo Sulloobong Bheti village Sakkiazong village Camp on ridge of mountain Peak on Sakkiazong Makarumbi Pemmi river Tambur river at junction with Pemmi Camp on Tambur, Nov. 13 Camp on Tambur, Nov. 14 Chintam village Mywa Guola Tambur river, Nov. 18 Tambur river, Nov. 19 Taptiatok village Loontoong village Tambur river, Nov. 23 Wallanchoon village Tuquoroma Wallanchoon pass Foot of pass-road Yangma Guola Base of great moraine Top of moraine above ditto Yangma village camp Lake bed in valley Upper ditto (Pabuk) Yangma valley camp, Dec. 2 Kambachen pass Camp below ditto Kambachen village Camp in valley Choonjerma pass Camp below ditto Yalloong river-terrace Camp side of valley Yankutang village Saddle of road south of Khabili Khabang village Spur of Sidingbah, crossed Nov. 10 Yangyading village Sablakoo Iwa river, Dec. 12 Iwa river, Dec. 13 Singaleh, camp on Islumbo pass | (feet) 4,798 4,345 3,801 4,507 7,216 8,999 9,994 9,315 4,320 5,244 4,683 5,804 8,315 9,356 5,444 2,149 1,289 1,418 1,600 3,404 2,079 2,515 3,113 4,207 5,615 8,066 10,384 12,889 B. 16,764 13,501 9,236 12,098 B. 679 B. 13,516 15,186 B. 16,038 10,997 B. 15,770 11,643 11,378 11,454 B. 15,259 13,289 10,449 10,080 5,530 5,746 5,495 6,057 4,082 4,735 3,747 6,134 9,263 10,388 | (feet) 4,345 3,763 4,535 10,045 9,324 4,404 5,311 5,847 8,391 9,289 5,525 2,262 1,487 1,496 2,185 2,574 3,289 4,359 5,738 8,096 10,389 12,999 16,748 13,518 9,322 12,199 13,488 11,001 11,611 11,514 13,287 10,035 5,598 5,515 5,980 4,145 4,718 3,818 6,184 9,328

Number of Obs. | Name of Locality | By Calcutta Barom. | By Dorjiling Barom.
4 6 5 6 6 7 8 1 1 6 1 5 1 1 10 9 1 9 1 22 7 15 7 21 1 1 1 1 4 5 5 5 1 6 | Kulhait valley, camp in Lingcham village Bed of Great Rungeet, December 20 Lingdam village, December 21 Nampok village Bhomsong Mainom top Neon-gong Goompa Pass from Teesta to Rungeet Lingdam village Great Rungeet below Tassiding Tassiding temples Sunnook, camp on Bed of Ratong Pemiongchi temple Camp at Pemiongchi village Tchonpong village Bed of Rungbi river Camp on Ratong river Doobdi Goompa Yoksun Dumpook Buckim Mon Lepcha top Jongri Ratong below Mon Lepcha Ratong below Yoksun Catsuperri lake Catsuperri temple Tengling village Rungbee river bed Changachelling temple Kulhait river Saddle of Hee hill Camp on Hee hill | (feet) 6,406 4,892 1,805 5,552 4,354 1,556 Tr. 10,702 5,225 6,824 5,349 2,030 4,840 3,955 2,481 7,083 6,551 4,952 3,165 3,100 6,493 5,600 6,646 8,625 13,090 B. 13,170 7,069 3,729 6,068 6,493 5,295 3,230 6,805 3,075 7,289 6,609 | (feet) 6,374 4,848 1,874 5,556 4,501 1,533 B. 10,613 5,401 4,018 6,616 5,003 3,242 6,451 5,635 6,710 8,693 13,045 13,184 7,217 3,851 6,009 6,476 5,219 3,350 6,850 3,243 6,744

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SERIES VII.—Elevations in the Sikkim Terai and Plains of India,
Gangetic Delta and Jheels.

Number of Obs. | Name of Locality | Elevation Feet
3 12 3 4 4 4 5 5 5 1 6 43 24 12 13 54 33 13 4 3 5 | Siligoree Bungalow Titalya Sahibgunj (west of Titalya) Bhatgong Thakya-gunj Bhojepore Rummai Rangamally Belakoba Mela-meli Kishengunj Mahanuddy river between Kishengunj and Maldah Mahanuddy river between Maldah and Rampore Bauleah Rampore (Mr. Bell’s) Dacca (Mr. Atherton’s) Jheels, Dacca to Pundua Megna river (June 1st-6th Soormah (June 9th) Pundua (June 10th and 11th) Pundua (Sept. 7th) Pundua (Nov. 16th and 17th) | 302 326 231 225 284 404 293 262 368 337 131 153 98 130 72 *– ·003 + ·008 + ·048 + ·018 – ·016 – 0·66

SERIES VIII.—Elevations in Sikkim, May to December, 1849.

Number of Obs. | Name of Locality | By Calcutta Barom. | By Dorjiling Barom.
2 4 1 2 4 8 4 4 2 8 10 16 | Mik, on Tendong Namtchi, camp on spur Tendong summit Temi, Teesta valley Nampok, Teesta valley Lingmo, Teesta valley Lingtam spur, Teesta valley Gorh, Teesta valley Bling-bong, Teesta valley Lingo village, Teesta valley Singtam, May 14 to 16 Singtam (higher on hill) Oct. 30 to Nov. 2 | (feet) 3,912 5,608 B. 8,671 4,771 B. 5,138 B. 2,861 B. 4,743 B. 4,061 B. 2,657 B. 2,724 B. 4,435 B. 4,575 | (feet) Tr. 8,663 5,033 2,838 4,867 4,195 2,711 2,839 4,477

* The observations marked thus * are the differences in inches between the readings of my barometer at the station, and that at the Calcutta observatory, which is 18 feet above the sea-level.

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SERIES VIII.—(Continued)

Number of Obs. | Name of Locality | By Calcutta Barom. | By Dorjiling Barom.
5 2 7 27 37 4 4 3 8 1 1 33 53 1 4 74 47 1 1 2 43 20 30 1 3 2 5 2 6 2 2 56 1 1 1 1 1 1 | Niong Namgah Chakoong Choongtam, May Choongtam, August Dholep, Lachen Dengha, Lachen Latong, Lachen Kampo Samdong Chateng Chateng, lower on spur Lamteng village Zemu Samdong Snow bed across Zemu river Camp on banks of Zemu Junction of Thlonok and Zemu Camp on banks of Zemu river Zemu river, June 13 Zemu river, high up, June 13 Yeunga (Lachen valley) Tallum Samdong Tungu, July Tungu, October Palung plains Sitong Kongra Lama pass Yeumtso (in Tibet) Bhomtso (in Tibet) Cholamoo lakes (in Tibet) Donkia pass, October Donkia pass, September Momay Samdong Donkia, September 13 Kinchinjhow, September 14 Sebolah pass South shoulder of Donkia, September 20 Mountain north of Momay, September 17 West shoulder of Donkia mountain, September 26 The following were measured trigonometrically: Forked onkia mountain Kinchinjhow mountain Tomo-chamo, east top of Kinchinjhow Thlonok mount, Peak on Chango-khang mountain Tukcham mountain, from Dorjiling Chomiomo mountain | (feet) 4,229 4,371 5,245 5,247 6,120 6,337 6,471 7,315 8,819 8,493 8,900 9,026 9,828 10,223 10,864 12,064 12,422 13,281 10,196 11,540 12,779 12,799 15,697 15,372 15,745 16,808 18,590 16,900 18,589 18,387 15,362 16,876 17,495 17,604 18,257 | (feet) 3,954 4,443 5,284 5,297 6,145 6,399 6,310 7,344 8,695 8,343 8,867 8,926 10,271 10,828 12,074 11,424 12,723 12,747 15,642 15,069 Measured from Momay 17,079 17,656 17,567 18,357 B. 17,394 B. 18,510 Tr. 20,870 Tr. 22,750 Tr. 21,000 Tr. 20,000 Tr. 20,600 Tr. 19,472 Tr. 22,700

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SERIES VIII.—(Continued)

Number of Obs. | Name of Locality | By Calcutta Barom. | Measured by Trig., etc.
48 7 2 3 51 12 8 2 3 4 3 5 7 1 3 1 3 17 3 105 1 2 3 12 11 2 3 5 6 | The following were measured trigonometrically: Summit of Donkia (from Donkia pass and Bhomtso) Tunkra Mountain, from Dorjiling Yeumtong Yeumtong, October Snow bed above Yeumtong Punying Lachoong village, August Lachoong village, October Lacheepia Tunkra pass Rock on ascent to ditto Keadom Tukcham village Rinkpo village Laghep Phieungoong Barfonchen Chola pass Chumanako Phadong Tumloong, Nov. 3rd and 4th Higher on hill, Nov. 16th to Dec. 9th Yankoong Tikbotang Camp, Dec. 11th Serriomsa Dikkeeling Singdong Katong ghat, Teesta Namten Cheadam | (feet) 11,933 11,951 B. 15,971 B. 11,299 B. 8,712 B. 8,705 B. 15,293 B. 16,083 B. 13,078 B. 6,609 B. 3,849 B. 6,008 B. 10,423 B. 12,422 B. 11,233 B. 14,925 B. 12,590 B. 5,946 B. 5,368 B. 5,976 B. 3,867 B. 3,763 B. 2,952 B. 2,820 B. 4,952 B. 2,116 B. 735 B. 4,483 B. 4,653 | (feet) Tr. 22,650 Tr. 18,250 By Dorjiling Barometer 11,839 By Yeumtong Barometer 16,000 By Der. Bar. 8,474 15,231 13,144

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SERIES IX.—Khasia Mountains, June to November, 1850.

Number of Obs. | Name of Locality | Elevation Feet
36 167 102 25 63 1 9 1 32 6 9 63 6 10 35 12 9 3 | Churra (Mr. Inglis’s) Churra bungalow opposite church, August Churra bungalow, Oct., Nov. Kala-panee bungalow Moflong bungalow Chillong hill Syong bungalow Hill south of ditto Myrung bungalow, July Myrung bungalow, Sept. Chela Nunklow Nonkreem Mooshye Pomrang Amwee Joowye Nurtiung | 4,069 4,193 4,258 5,302 6,062 6,662 5,725 6,050 5,647 5,709 80 4,688 5,601 4,863 5,143 4,105 4,387 4,178

SERIES X.—Soormah, Silhet, Megna, Chittagong, etc.

Number of Obs. | Name of Locality | Elevation Feet
27 38 36 24 12 10 72 8 2 16 3 12 4 17 10 | Silhet (Mr. Stainforth’s) Soormah river, between Silhet and Megna Silchar Megna river Noacolly (Dr. Baker’s) Noacolly on voyage to Chittagong Chittagong (Mr. Sconce’s) Chittagong flagstaff-hill at south head of harbour Seetakoond hill Seetakoond bungalow Hat-Hazaree Hattiah Sidhee Chittagong to Megua Eastern Sunderbunds | 133 46 116 + ·020* – ·039 0† 191 151 1,136 – ·069* – ·039 – ·049 – ·039 – ·014† + ·002

* Difference between barometer at station and Calcutta barometer.
† The observations were taken only when the boat was high and dry,
and above the mean level of the waters.

Appendix A | Appendix B | Appendix C | Appendix D | Appendix E | Appendix F |
Appendix G | Appendix H | Appendix I | Appendix J | Appendix K | Appendix L |